Steam and Power Balances in Ammonia Plants and Ammonia-Urea Complexes

The paper reviews the overall energy balance for ammonia plants and for ammonia-urea complexes. Different process configurations in the ammonia plant will be considered. The efficiency of steam turbine power cycles and gas turbine power cycles will be discussed, and it is shown at which conditions gas turbines can be effectively integrated into the overall steam and power balance for an ammonia plant or an ammonia-urea complex. Cases are given for design of new units as well as for revamp of existing units by modification of the steam-power system with or without installation of gas turbines.