Using nutrients sustainably

Unwanted environmental impacts may be associated with the underuse, overuse and incorrect use of fertilizers and other sources of crop nutrients. In many countries there are inadequate research and advisory activities in place to ensure that farmers have access to the best management practices for their local conditions. Furthermore, even when they have appropriate knowledge, farmers may not be able to access the fertilizer products or other technologies needed to achieve best management. Neither the private sector nor the public sector can resolve these issues in isolation, and partnerships along the entire value chain are required in order to overcome the regulatory, institutional and administrative obstacles.

As part of its contribution to help nutrient use to become more sustainable, IFA promotes the development and adoption of Fertilizer Best Management Practices (FBMPs) . The principle behind these FBMPs is simple: use the right product(s) and at the right rate, time and place^TM. This entails applying concepts such as integrated plant nutrient management, balanced fertilization and site-specific nutrient management. Best management should result in improved nutrient use efficiency and depends upon farmers’ having access to the knowledge required to improve management and to a timely supply of good quality products at affordable prices.

Inappropriate management may trigger a variety of undesirable environmental impacts . Run-off may lead to eutrophication of surface water , which can upset local ecosystems. Nutrients can also leach into groundwater; policy makers are cautious about potential health effects of high nitrate concentrations in drinking water, although further research is required to settle the many questions raised by research to date . Gaseous emissions related to fertilizer use may include greenhouse gases , notably nitrous oxide and can also contribute to atmospheric pollution. The build-up of impurities, particularly heavy metals, in some fertilized soils has attracted some concern and requires appropriate management.